Spafford said academic specialists have been warning for more than 25 years about vulnerabilities in computer systems that can lead to identify theft, credit card fraud and other security intrusions.
Computer security experts say the United States faces a radical shortage of highly skilled cybersecurity professionals who can prevent and combat cyber attacks. One federal official has estimated that there are only 1000 cybersecurity experts in the United States who have the deep technical knowledge required to safeguard national security; tens of thousands are needed, he believes.